Around cable

Eye diagrams visualize signal quality; wider "eye openings" mean better integrity. Bit Error Ratio (BER) measures error rates but requires downtime and may overlook error bursts. Advanced in-service monitoring enhances system evaluation without disrupting operations.

Explores error measurement in digital transmission systems: BER and BLER. BER quantifies bit errors but requires communication interruption to measure. BLER with CRC enables error detection during normal operation without disruption.

Explore application communication in the OSI model via data encapsulation. Learn about LANs vs. WANs, MAC protocols, Ethernet and Wi-Fi dominance, network topologies, transmission media, and wireless security.

What determines the type of network protocol? Which type of traffic is tolerant of delays, and which is tolerant of errors, and vice versa? How the quality of signal transmission at the physical layer affects the complexity of the data link layer?

OSI in the modern understanding of computer networks Evolution of computer networks from global to local networks Basic principles of the OSI model

Bidirectional and unidirectional testing. Checking the optical line at both ends with two reflectometers. Bidirectional testing using one OTDR.

Price-to-performance ratio. What accessories and equipment are necessary? The main criteria for choosing an optical reflectometer.

Intermittent defect: wait or fix? Why is it specifically a reflectometer? Pupin coils are now obstacles to digital services.

How cable branches are formed? What's wrong if a branch is? Methodology for locating the branch connection point

Signs of water presence in the cable Methods for locating cable water ingress points What if there's a fault in the waterlogged section of the cable?